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floating signifier
Floating signifiers or empty signifiers is a term used in semiotics to denote signifiers without referents, such as a word that doesn't point to any actual object or agreed upon meaning.
==Definition==
Claude Lévi-Strauss originated this term,〔Claude Lévi-Strauss, "Introduction à l'oeuvre de Marcel Mauss" in ''Mauss, Sociologie et Anthropologie'', Paris, 1950.〕 where he identifies terms like ''mana'' (magical mystical substance of which the magic is formed), or ''oomph'' (American slang term for flavor in the figurative sense)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= ''Oomph'' definition )〕 "to represent an undetermined quantity of signification, in itself void of meaning and thus apt to receive any meaning". Daniel Chandler defines the term as "a signifier with a vague, highly variable, unspecifiable or non-existent signified". As such a "floating siginifier" may "mean different things to different people: they may stand for many or even any signifieds; they may mean whatever their interpreters want them to mean". Such a floating signifier - which is said to possess "symbolic value zero" - necessarily results to "allow symbolic thought to operate despite the contradiction inherent in it".〔Jeffrey Mehlman, ''The "Floating Signifier": From Lévi-Strauss to Lacan'', Yale French Studies, No. 48, French Freud: Structural Studies in Psychoanalysis. (1972), pp. 10-37.〕 In Emancipation(s), Ernesto Laclau frames empty signifier a context of social interactions. For Laclau, empty signifier is the hegemonic representative of a collection of various demands, constituting a chain of equivalence whose members are distinguished through a differential logic (as in elements exist only in their differences to one another) but combine through an equivalential one. This chain of unsatisfied demands create an unfulfilled totality, inside of which one signifier subordinates the rest and assumes representation of the rest via a hegemonic process.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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